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vim

Vim

Philosophy

  • Vim is a modal editor: it has different modes for inserting text vs manipulating text.
  • Vim is programmable (with Vimscript and also other languages like Python)
  • Vim's interface itself is a programming language: keystrokes (with mnemonic names) are commands, and these commands are composable.
  • Vim avoids the use of the mouse
  • Vim even avoids using the arrow keys
  • Normal: for moving around a file and making edits
  • <ESC>
  • Insert: for inserting text
  • i
  • Replace: for replacing text
  • R
  • Visual for selecting blocks of text
  • Visual mode： v
  • Visual Line mode: V
  • Visual Block mode: ^V
  • Command-line: for running a command
  • :

Buffers, tabs, and windows

Vim maintains a set of open files, called "buffers". A Vim session has a number of tabs, each of which has a number of windows (split panes). Each window shows a single buffer. A given buffer may be open in multiple windows, even within the same tab. (unlike other programs)

Command Line

  • :q quit (close window)
  • :w save ("write")
  • :wq save and quit
  • :e {name of file} open file for editing
  • :ls show open buffers
  • :help {topic} open help
    • :help :w opens help for the :w command
    • :help w opens help for the w movement

Vim's interface is a programming language

Movement

Normal Mode

Movements in Vim are also called "nouns", because they refer to chunks of text.

  • Basic movement: hjkl (left, down, up, right)
  • Words: w (next word), b (beginning of word), e (end of word)
  • Lines: 0 (beginning of line), ^ (first non-blank character), $ (end of line)
  • Screen: H (top of screen), M (middle of screen), L (bottom of screen)
  • Scroll: Ctrl-u (up), Ctrl-d (down)
  • File: gg (beginning of file), G (end of file)
  • Line numbers: :{number}<CR> or {number}G
  • Misc: % (corresponding item)
  • Find: f{character}, t{character}, F{character}, T{character}
    • find/to forward/backward {character} on the current line
    • , / ; for navigating matches
  • Search: /{regex}, n / N for navigating matches

Selection

Visual Mode - Visual mode： v - Visual Line mode: V - Visual Block mode: ^V

Can use movement keys to make selection.

Edit

Vim's editing commands are also called "verbs", because verbs act on nouns. - i enter Insert mode - but for manipulating/deleting text, want to use something more than backspace - o / O insert line below / above - d{motion} delete {motion} - e.g. dw is delete word, d$ is delete to end of line, d0 is delete to beginning of line - c{motion} change {motion} - e.g. cw is change word - like d{motion} followed by i - x delete character (equal to dl) - s substitute character (equal to cl) - Visual mode + manipulation - select text, d to delete it or c to change it - u to undo, <C-r> to redo - y to copy / "yank" (some other commands like d also copy) - p to paste - Lots more to learn: e.g. ~ flips the case of a character

Count

  • 5j move 5 lines down
  • 7dw delete 7 words
  • c2w change 2 words

Modifiers

  • i: in
  • a: around

examples:

  • ci( change the contents inside the current pair of parentheses
  • ci[ change the contents inside the current pair of square brackets
  • da' delete a single-quoted string, including the surrounding single quotes

Customizing Vim